Contents
Using This Manual
What's In This Manual
What's in the Other Manuals
Typographical Conventions
Mathematical Conventions
Technical Support
Contacting Technical Support
1. Starting and Executing
FLUENT
1.1 Starting
FLUENT
1.1.1 Single-Precision and Double-Precision Solvers
1.1.2 Starting
FLUENT
on a UNIX System
1.1.3 Starting
FLUENT
on a Windows System
1.1.4 Remote Simulation Facility (RSF)
1.1.5 Startup Options
1.2 Remote Execution
1.2.1 Overview and Limitations
1.2.2 Steps for Running on a Remote Machine
1.2.3 Starting the Solver Manually on the Remote Machine
1.2.4 Executing Remotely by Reading a Case File
1.3 Batch Execution
1.3.1 Background Execution on UNIX Systems
1.3.2 Background Execution on Windows Systems
1.3.3 Batch Execution Options
1.4 Checkpointing a
FLUENT
Simulation
1.5 Cleaning Up Processes From a
FLUENT
Simulation
1.6 Exiting the Program
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
2.1 GUI Components
2.1.1 Console
2.1.2 Dialog Boxes
2.1.3 Panels
2.1.4 Graphics Display Windows
2.2 Customizing the Graphical User Interface (UNIX Systems Only)
2.3 Using the GUI Help System
2.3.1 Panel Help
2.3.2 Context-Sensitive Help (UNIX Only)
2.3.3 Opening the User's Guide Table of Contents
2.3.4 Opening the User's Guide Index
2.3.5 Opening the Reference Guide
2.3.6 Help on Help
2.3.7 Help for Text Interface Commands
2.3.8 Accessing the Other Manuals
2.3.9 Accessing the User Services Center Web Site
2.3.10 Accessing the Fluent Online Technical Support Web Site
2.3.11 Obtaining a Listing of Other
FLUENT
License Users
2.3.12 Version and Release Information
3. Text User Interface (TUI)
3.1 Text Menu System
3.1.1 Command Abbreviation
3.1.2
Scheme
Evaluation
3.1.3 Aliases
3.2 Text Prompt System
3.2.1 Numbers
3.2.2 Booleans
3.2.3 Strings
3.2.4 Symbols
3.2.5 Filenames
3.2.6 Lists
3.2.7 Evaluation
3.2.8 Default Value Binding
3.3 Interrupts
3.4 System Commands
3.4.1 System Commands for UNIX-based Operating Systems
3.4.2 System Commands for Windows Operating Systems
3.5 Text Menu Input from Character Strings
3.6 Using the Text Interface Help System
4. Reading and Writing Files
4.1 Shortcuts for Reading and Writing Files
4.1.1 Default File Suffixes
4.1.2 Binary Files
4.1.3 Detecting File Format
4.1.4 Recent File List
4.1.5 Reading and Writing Compressed Files
4.1.6 Tilde Expansion (UNIX Systems Only)
4.1.7 Automatic Numbering of Files
4.1.8 Disabling the Overwrite Confirmation Prompt
4.2 Reading Mesh Files
4.2.1 Reading
TGrid
Mesh Files
4.2.2 Reading Surface Meshes
4.2.3 Reading and Importing
GAMBIT
and
GeoMesh
Mesh Files
4.2.4 Reading
PreBFC
Unstructured Mesh Files
4.2.5 Importing
PreBFC
Structured Mesh Files
4.2.6 Importing
ANSYS
Files
4.2.7 Importing
I-deas
Universal
Files
4.2.8 Importing
NASTRAN
Files
4.2.9 Importing
PATRAN
Neutral
Files
4.2.10 Importing Meshes and Data in CGNS Format
4.3 Reading and Writing Case and Data Files
4.3.1 Reading and Writing Case Files
4.3.2 Reading and Writing Data Files
4.3.3 Reading and Writing Case and Data Files Together
4.3.4 Automatic Saving of Case and Data Files
4.4 Reading
FLUENT/UNS
and
RAMPANT
Case and Data Files
4.5 Importing
FLUENT 4
Case Files
4.6 Importing
FIDAP
Neutral Files
4.7 Creating and Reading Journal Files
4.7.1 User Inputs
4.8 Creating Transcript Files
4.8.1 User Inputs
4.9 Reading and Writing Profile Files
4.10 Reading and Writing Boundary Conditions
4.11 Writing a Boundary Grid
4.12 Saving Hardcopy Files
4.12.1 Using the
Graphics Hardcopy
Panel
4.13 Exporting Data
4.13.1 Using the
Export
Panel
4.13.2 Export File Formats
4.14 Grid-to-Grid Solution Interpolation
4.14.1 Performing Grid-to-Grid Solution Interpolation
4.14.2 Format of the Interpolation File
4.15 Reading
Scheme
Source Files
4.16 The
.fluent
File
4.17 Saving the Panel Layout
5. Unit Systems
5.1 Restrictions on Units
5.2 Units in Grid Files
5.3 Built-In Unit Systems in
FLUENT
5.4 Customizing Units
6. Reading and Manipulating Grids
6.1 Grid Topologies
6.1.1 Examples of Acceptable Grid Topologies
6.1.2 Face-Node Connectivity in
FLUENT
6.1.3 Choosing the Appropriate Grid Type
6.2 Grid Requirements and Considerations
6.2.1 Geometry/Grid Requirements
6.2.2 Mesh Quality
6.3 Grid Import
6.3.1
GAMBIT
Grid Files
6.3.2
GeoMesh
Grid Files
6.3.3
TGrid
Grid Files
6.3.4
PreBFC
Grid Files
6.3.5
ICEMCFD
Grid Files
6.3.6 Grid Files from Third-Party CAD Packages
6.3.7
FLUENT/UNS
and
RAMPANT
Case Files
6.3.8
FLUENT 4
Case Files
6.3.9
FIDAP
Neutral Files
6.3.10 Reading Multiple Mesh/Case/Data Files
6.3.11 Reading Surface Mesh Files
6.4 Non-Conformal Grids
6.4.1 Non-Conformal Grid Calculations
6.4.2 Requirements and Limitations of Non-Conformal Grids
6.4.3 Using a Non-Conformal Grid in
FLUENT
6.4.4 Starting From a
FLUENT/UNS
or
RAMPANT
Case
6.5 Checking the Grid
6.5.1 Grid Check Information
6.5.2 Repairing Duplicate Shadow Nodes
6.6 Reporting Grid Statistics
6.6.1 Grid Size
6.6.2 Memory Usage
6.6.3 Grid Zone Information
6.6.4 Partition Statistics
6.7 Modifying the Grid
6.7.1 Scaling the Grid
6.7.2 Translating the Grid
6.7.3 Rotating the Grid
6.7.4 Merging Zones
6.7.5 Separating Zones
6.7.6 Creating Periodic Zones
6.7.7 Slitting Periodic Zones
6.7.8 Fusing Face Zones
6.7.9 Slitting Face Zones
6.7.10 Extruding Face Zones
6.7.11 Reordering the Domain and Zones
6.7.12 Replacing, Deleting, Deactivating, and Activating Zones
7. Boundary Conditions
7.1 Overview of Defining Boundary Conditions
7.1.1 Available Boundary Types
7.1.2 The
Boundary Conditions
Panel
7.1.3 Changing Boundary Zone Types
7.1.4 Setting Boundary Conditions
7.1.5 Copying Boundary Conditions
7.1.6 Selecting Boundary Zones in the Graphics Display
7.1.7 Changing Boundary Zone Names
7.1.8 Defining Non-Uniform Boundary Conditions
7.1.9 Defining Transient Boundary Conditions
7.1.10 Saving and Reusing Boundary Conditions
7.2 Flow Inlets and Exits
7.2.1 Using Flow Boundary Conditions
7.2.2 Determining Turbulence Parameters
7.3 Pressure Inlet Boundary Conditions
7.3.1 Inputs at Pressure Inlet Boundaries
7.3.2 Default Settings at Pressure Inlet Boundaries
7.3.3 Calculation Procedure at Pressure Inlet Boundaries
7.4 Velocity Inlet Boundary Conditions
7.4.1 Inputs at Velocity Inlet Boundaries
7.4.2 Default Settings at Velocity Inlet Boundaries
7.4.3 Calculation Procedure at Velocity Inlet Boundaries
7.5 Mass Flow Inlet Boundary Conditions
7.5.1 Inputs at Mass Flow Inlet Boundaries
7.5.2 Default Settings at Mass Flow Inlet Boundaries
7.5.3 Calculation Procedure at Mass Flow Inlet Boundaries
7.6 Inlet Vent Boundary Conditions
7.6.1 Inputs at Inlet Vent Boundaries
7.7 Intake Fan Boundary Conditions
7.7.1 Inputs at Intake Fan Boundaries
7.8 Pressure Outlet Boundary Conditions
7.8.1 Inputs at Pressure Outlet Boundaries
7.8.2 Default Settings at Pressure Outlet Boundaries
7.8.3 Calculation Procedure at Pressure Outlet Boundaries
7.8.4 Other Optional Inputs at Pressure Outlet Boundaries
7.9 Pressure Far-Field Boundary Conditions
7.9.1 Inputs at Pressure Far-Field Boundaries
7.9.2 Default Settings at Pressure Far-Field Boundaries
7.9.3 Calculation Procedure at Pressure Far-Field Boundaries
7.10 Outflow Boundary Conditions
7.10.1
FLUENT
's Treatment at Outflow Boundaries
7.10.2 Using Outflow Boundaries
7.10.3 Mass Flow Split Boundary Conditions
7.10.4 Other Inputs at Outflow Boundaries
7.11 Outlet Vent Boundary Conditions
7.11.1 Inputs at Outlet Vent Boundaries
7.12 Exhaust Fan Boundary Conditions
7.12.1 Inputs at Exhaust Fan Boundaries
7.13 Wall Boundary Conditions
7.13.1 Inputs at Wall Boundaries
7.13.2 Default Settings at Wall Boundaries
7.13.3 Shear-Stress Calculation Procedure at Wall Boundaries
7.13.4 Heat Transfer Calculations at Wall Boundaries
7.14 Symmetry Boundary Conditions
7.14.1 Examples of Symmetry Boundaries
7.14.2 Calculation Procedure at Symmetry Boundaries
7.15 Periodic Boundary Conditions
7.15.1 Examples of Periodic Boundaries
7.15.2 Inputs for Periodic Boundaries
7.15.3 Default Settings at Periodic Boundaries
7.15.4 Calculation Procedure at Periodic Boundaries
7.16 Axis Boundary Conditions
7.17 Fluid Conditions
7.17.1 Inputs for Fluid Zones
7.18 Solid Conditions
7.18.1 Inputs for Solid Zones
7.19 Porous Media Conditions
7.19.1 Limitations and Assumptions of the Porous Media Model
7.19.2 Momentum Equations for Porous Media
7.19.3 Treatment of the Energy Equation in Porous Media
7.19.4 Treatment of Turbulence in Porous Media
7.19.5 Effect of Porosity on Transient Scalar Equations
7.19.6 User Inputs for Porous Media
7.19.7 Modeling Porous Media Based on Physical Velocity
7.19.8 Solution Strategies for Porous Media
7.19.9 Postprocessing for Porous Media
7.20 Fan Boundary Conditions
7.20.1 Fan Equations
7.20.2 User Inputs for Fans
7.20.3 Postprocessing for Fans
7.21 Radiator Boundary Conditions
7.21.1 Radiator Equations
7.21.2 User Inputs for Radiators
7.21.3 Postprocessing for Radiators
7.22 Porous Jump Boundary Conditions
7.23 Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions
7.23.1 Turbo-specific Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions
7.23.2 General Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions
7.24 User-Defined Fan Model
7.24.1 Steps for Using the User-Defined Fan Model
7.24.2 Example of a User-Defined Fan
7.25 Heat Exchanger Models
7.25.1 Overview and Restrictions of the Heat Exchanger Models
7.25.2 Heat Exchanger Model Theory
7.25.3 Using the Heat Exchanger Model
7.25.4 Using the Heat Exchanger Group
7.25.5 Postprocessing for the Heat Exchanger Model
7.26 Boundary Profiles
7.26.1 Boundary Profile Specification Types
7.26.2 Boundary Profile File Format
7.26.3 Using Boundary Profiles
7.26.4 Reorienting Boundary Profiles
7.27 Fixing the Values of Variables
7.27.1 Overview of Fixing the Value of a Variable
7.27.2 Procedure for Fixing Values of Variables in a Zone
7.28 Defining Mass, Momentum, Energy, and Other Sources
7.28.1 Procedure for Defining Sources
7.29 Coupling Boundary Conditions with GT-Power
7.29.1 Requirements and Restrictions
7.29.2 User Inputs
7.30 Coupling Boundary Conditions with WAVE
7.30.1 Requirements and Restrictions
7.30.2 User Inputs
8. Physical Properties
8.1 Defining Materials
8.1.1 Material Types and Databases
8.1.2 Using the
Materials
Panel
8.1.3 Using a User-Defined Materials Database
8.2 Defining Properties Using Temperature-Dependent Functions
8.2.1 Inputs for Polynomial Functions
8.2.2 Inputs for Piecewise-Linear Functions
8.2.3 Inputs for Piecewise-Polynomial Functions
8.2.4 Checking and Modifying Existing Profiles
8.3 Density
8.3.1 Defining Density for Various Flow Regimes
8.3.2 Input of Constant Density
8.3.3 Inputs for the Boussinesq Approximation
8.3.4 Density as a Profile Function of Temperature
8.3.5 Incompressible Ideal Gas Law
8.3.6 Ideal Gas Law for Compressible Flows
8.3.7 Composition-Dependent Density for Multicomponent Mixtures
8.4 Viscosity
8.4.1 Input of Constant Viscosity
8.4.2 Viscosity as a Function of Temperature
8.4.3 Defining the Viscosity Using Kinetic Theory
8.4.4 Composition-Dependent Viscosity for Multicomponent Mixtures
8.4.5 Viscosity for Non-Newtonian Fluids
8.5 Thermal Conductivity
8.5.1 Input of Constant Thermal Conductivity
8.5.2 Thermal Conductivity as a Function of Temperature
8.5.3 Defining the Thermal Conductivity Using Kinetic Theory
8.5.4 Composition-Dependent Thermal Conductivity for Multicomponent Mixtures
8.5.5 Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity for Solids
8.6 Specific Heat Capacity
8.6.1 Input of Constant Specific Heat Capacity
8.6.2 Specific Heat Capacity as a Function of Temperature
8.6.3 Defining Specific Heat Capacity Using Kinetic Theory
8.6.4 Specific Heat Capacity as a Function of Composition
8.7 Radiation Properties
8.7.1 Absorption Coefficient
8.7.2 Scattering Coefficient
8.7.3 Refractive Index
8.7.4 Reporting the Radiation Properties
8.8 Mass Diffusion Coefficients
8.8.1 Fickian Diffusion
8.8.2 Full Multicomponent Diffusion
8.8.3 Thermal Diffusion Coefficients
8.8.4 Mass Diffusion Coefficient Inputs
8.8.5 Mass Diffusion Coefficient Inputs for Turbulent Flow
8.9 Standard State Enthalpies
8.10 Standard State Entropies
8.11 Molecular Heat Transfer Coefficient
8.12 Kinetic Theory Parameters
8.13 Operating Pressure
8.13.1 The Effect of Numerical Roundoff on Pressure Calculation in Low-Mach-Number Flow
8.13.2 Operating Pressure, Gauge Pressure, and Absolute Pressure
8.13.3 Setting the Operating Pressure
8.14 Reference Pressure Location
8.15 Real Gas Models
8.15.1 The NIST Real Gas Model
8.15.2 The User-Defined Real Gas Model
9. Modeling Basic Fluid Flow
9.1 Overview of Physical Models in
FLUENT
9.2 Continuity and Momentum Equations
9.3 Periodic Flows
9.3.1 Overview and Limitations
9.3.2 Theory
9.3.3 User Inputs for the Segregated Solver
9.3.4 User Inputs for the Coupled Solvers
9.3.5 Monitoring the Value of the Pressure Gradient
9.3.6 Postprocessing for Streamwise-Periodic Flows
9.4 Swirling and Rotating Flows
9.4.1 Overview of Swirling and Rotating Flows
9.4.2 Physics of Swirling and Rotating Flows
9.4.3 Turbulence Modeling in Swirling Flows
9.4.4 Grid Setup for Swirling and Rotating Flows
9.4.5 Modeling Axisymmetric Flows with Swirl or Rotation
9.5 Compressible Flows
9.5.1 When to Use the Compressible Flow Model
9.5.2 Physics of Compressible Flows
9.5.3 Modeling Inputs for Compressible Flows
9.5.4 Floating Operating Pressure
9.5.5 Solution Strategies for Compressible Flows
9.5.6 Reporting of Results for Compressible Flows
9.6 Inviscid Flows
9.6.1 Euler Equations
9.6.2 Setting Up an Inviscid Flow Model
9.6.3 Solution Strategies for Inviscid Flows
9.6.4 Postprocessing for Inviscid Flows
10. Modeling Flows in Moving and Deforming Zones
10.1 Overview of Moving Zone Approaches
10.2 Flow in a Rotating Reference Frame
10.2.1 Overview
10.2.2 Equations for a Rotating Reference Frame
10.2.3 Grid Setup for a Single Rotating Reference Frame
10.2.4 Problem Setup for a Single Rotating Reference Frame
10.2.5 Choosing the Relative or Absolute Velocity Formulation
10.2.6 Solution Strategies for a Rotating Reference Frame
10.2.7 Postprocessing for a Single Rotating Reference Frame
10.3 The Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) Model
10.3.1 Overview
10.3.2 The MRF Formulation
10.3.3 Grid Setup for Multiple Reference Frames
10.3.4 Problem Setup for Multiple Reference Frames
10.3.5 Solution Strategies for Multiple Reference Frames
10.3.6 Postprocessing for Multiple Reference Frames
10.4 The Mixing Plane Model
10.4.1 Overview and Limitations
10.4.2 Mixing Plane Theory
10.4.3 Problem Setup for a Mixing Plane Model
10.4.4 Solution Strategies for Problems with Mixing Planes
10.4.5 Postprocessing for the Mixing Plane Model
10.5 Sliding Meshes
10.5.1 Overview
10.5.2 Sliding Mesh Theory
10.5.3 Setup and Solution of a Sliding Mesh Problem
10.5.4 Postprocessing for Sliding Meshes
10.6 Dynamic Meshes
10.6.1 Introduction
10.6.2 Dynamic Mesh Conservation Equations
10.6.3 Dynamic Mesh Update Methods
10.6.4 Solid-Body Kinematics
10.6.5 Problem Setup for Dynamic Meshes
10.6.6 Setting Dynamic Mesh Modeling Parameters
10.6.7 Specifying the Motion of Dynamic Zones
10.6.8 Previewing the Dynamic Mesh
10.6.9 Defining Dynamic Mesh Events
10.6.10 Using the In-Cylinder Model
10.6.11 Using the 2.5D Model
10.6.12 Using the Six DOF Solver
10.6.13 Using the Crevice Model
11. Modeling Turbulence
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Choosing a Turbulence Model
11.2.1 Reynolds-Averaged Approach vs. LES
11.2.2 Reynolds (Ensemble) Averaging
11.2.3 Boussinesq Approach vs. Reynolds Stress Transport Models
11.2.4 The Spalart-Allmaras Model
11.2.5 The Standard
-
Model
11.2.6 The RNG
-
Model
11.2.7 The Realizable
-
Model
11.2.8 The Standard
-
Model
11.2.9 The Shear-Stress Transport (SST)
-
Model
11.2.10 The
-
Model
11.2.11 The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)
11.2.12 Computational Effort: CPU Time and Solution Behavior
11.3 The Spalart-Allmaras Model
11.3.1 Transport Equation for the Spalart-Allmaras Model
11.3.2 Modeling the Turbulent Viscosity
11.3.3 Modeling the Turbulent Production
11.3.4 Modeling the Turbulent Destruction
11.3.5 Model Constants
11.3.6 Wall Boundary Conditions
11.3.7 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling
11.4 The Standard, RNG, and Realizable
-
Models
11.4.1 The Standard
-
Model
11.4.2 The RNG
-
Model
11.4.3 The Realizable
-
Model
11.4.4 Modeling Turbulent Production in the
-
Models
11.4.5 Effects of Buoyancy on Turbulence in the
-
Models
11.4.6 Effects of Compressibility on Turbulence in the
-
Models
11.4.7 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling in the
-
Models
11.5 The Standard and SST
-
Models
11.5.1 The Standard
-
Model
11.5.2 The Shear-Stress Transport (SST)
-
Model
11.6 The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)
11.6.1 The Reynolds Stress Transport Equations
11.6.2 Modeling Turbulent Diffusive Transport
11.6.3 Modeling the Pressure-Strain Term
11.6.4 Effects of Buoyancy on Turbulence
11.6.5 Modeling the Turbulence Kinetic Energy
11.6.6 Modeling the Dissipation Rate
11.6.7 Modeling the Turbulent Viscosity
11.6.8 Boundary Conditions for the Reynolds Stresses
11.6.9 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling
11.7 The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Model
11.7.1 Filtered Navier-Stokes Equations
11.7.2 Subgrid-Scale Models
11.7.3 Inlet Boundary Conditions for the LES Model
11.8 The Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) Model
11.9 Near-Wall Treatments for Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows
11.9.1 Overview
11.9.2 Wall Functions
11.9.3 Enhanced Wall Treatment
11.9.4 LES Near-Wall Treatment
11.10 Grid Considerations for Turbulent Flow Simulations
11.10.1 Near-Wall Mesh Guidelines for Wall Functions
11.10.2 Near-Wall Mesh Guidelines for the Enhanced Wall Treatment
11.10.3 Near-Wall Mesh Guidelines for the Spalart-Allmaras Model
11.10.4 Near-Wall Mesh Guidelines for the
-
Models
11.10.5 Near-Wall Mesh Guidelines for Large Eddy Simulation
11.11 Problem Setup for Turbulent Flows
11.11.1 Turbulence Options
11.11.2 Defining Turbulence Boundary Conditions
11.11.3 Providing an Initial Guess for
and
(or
and
)
11.12 Solution Strategies for Turbulent Flow Simulations
11.12.1 Mesh Generation
11.12.2 Accuracy
11.12.3 Convergence
11.12.4 RSM-Specific Solution Strategies
11.12.5 LES-Specific Solution Strategies
11.13 Postprocessing for Turbulent Flows
11.13.1 Custom Field Functions for Turbulence
11.13.2 Postprocessing LES Statistics
11.13.3 Troubleshooting
12. Modeling Heat Transfer
12.1 Overview of Heat Transfer Models in
FLUENT
12.2 Convective and Conductive Heat Transfer
12.2.1 Theory
12.2.2 User Inputs for Heat Transfer
12.2.3 Solution Process for Heat Transfer
12.2.4 Reporting and Displaying Heat Transfer Quantities
12.2.5 Exporting Heat Flux Data
12.3 Radiative Heat Transfer
12.3.1 Introduction to Radiative Heat Transfer
12.3.2 Choosing a Radiation Model
12.3.3 The Discrete Transfer Radiation Model (DTRM)
12.3.4 The P-1 Radiation Model
12.3.5 The Rosseland Radiation Model
12.3.6 The Discrete Ordinates (DO) Radiation Model
12.3.7 The Surface-to-Surface (S2S) Radiation Model
12.3.8 Solar Load Model
12.3.9 Radiation in Combusting Flows
12.3.10 Overview of Using the Radiation Models
12.3.11 Selecting the Radiation Model
12.3.12 Defining the Ray Tracing for the DTRM
12.3.13 Computing or Reading the View Factors for the S2S Model
12.3.14 Defining the Angular Discretization for the DO Model
12.3.15 Defining Non-Gray Radiation for the DO Model
12.3.16 Defining Material Properties for Radiation
12.3.17 Setting Radiation Boundary Conditions
12.3.18 Setting Solution Parameters for Radiation
12.3.19 Solving the Problem
12.3.20 Postprocessing Radiation Quantities
12.4 Periodic Heat Transfer
12.4.1 Overview and Limitations
12.4.2 Theory
12.4.3 Modeling Periodic Heat Transfer
12.4.4 Solution Strategies for Periodic Heat Transfer
12.4.5 Monitoring Convergence
12.4.6 Postprocessing for Periodic Heat Transfer
12.5 Buoyancy-Driven Flows
12.5.1 Theory
12.5.2 Modeling Natural Convection in a Closed Domain
12.5.3 The Boussinesq Model
12.5.4 User Inputs for Buoyancy-Driven Flows
12.5.5 Solution Strategies for Buoyancy-Driven Flows
12.5.6 Postprocessing for Buoyancy-Driven Flows
13. Introduction to Modeling Species Transport and Reacting Flows
13.1 Overview of Species and Reaction Modeling
13.2 Approaches to Reaction Modeling
13.2.1 Generalized Finite-Rate Model
13.2.2 Non-Premixed Combustion Model
13.2.3 Premixed Combustion Model
13.2.4 Partially Premixed Combustion Model
13.2.5 Composition PDF Transport Combustion Model
13.3 Choosing a Reaction Model
14. Modeling Species Transport and Finite-Rate Chemistry
14.1 Volumetric Reactions
14.1.1 Theory
14.1.2 Overview of User Inputs for Modeling Species Transport and Reactions
14.1.3 Enabling Species Transport and Reactions and Choosing the Mixture Material
14.1.4 Defining Properties for the Mixture and Its Constituent Species
14.1.5 Defining Boundary Conditions for Species
14.1.6 Defining Other Sources of Chemical Species
14.1.7 Solution Procedures for Chemical Mixing and Finite-Rate Chemistry
14.1.8 Postprocessing for Species Calculations
14.1.9 Importing a Volumetric Kinetic Mechanism in CHEMKIN Format
14.2 Wall Surface Reactions and Chemical Vapor Deposition
14.2.1 Overview of Surface Species and Wall Surface Reactions
14.2.2 Theory
14.2.3 User Inputs for Wall Surface Reactions
14.2.4 Solution Procedures for Wall Surface Reactions
14.2.5 Postprocessing for Surface Reactions
14.2.6 Importing a Surface Kinetic Mechanism in CHEMKIN Format
14.3 Particle Surface Reactions
14.3.1 Theory
14.3.2 User Inputs for Particle Surface Reactions
14.3.3 Using the Multiple Surface Reactions Model for Discrete-Phase Particle Combustion
14.4 Species Transport Without Reactions
15. Modeling Non-Premixed Combustion
15.1 Overview of Non-Premixed Combustion
15.1.1 Overview of the Non-Premixed Approach
15.2 Non-Premixed Combustion Theory
15.2.1 Mixture Fraction Theory
15.2.2 Modeling of Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction
15.2.3 Non-Adiabatic Extensions of the Non-Premixed Model
15.2.4 Chemistry Tabulation
15.2.5 Restrictions and Special Cases for Using the Non-Premixed Model
15.3 The Laminar Flamelet Model
15.3.1 Introduction
15.3.2 Restrictions and Assumptions
15.3.3 The Flamelet Concept
15.3.4 Flamelet Generation
15.3.5 Flamelet Import
15.4 User Inputs for the Non-Premixed Model
15.4.1 Overview of the Problem Setup Procedure
15.4.2 Problem Definition Using the Equilibrium Chemistry Model
15.4.3 Problem Definition Using the Laminar Flamelet Model
15.4.4 Defining the Stream Compositions
15.4.5 Forcing the Exclusion and Inclusion of Equilibrium Species
15.4.6 Defining the Flamelet Controls
15.4.7 Calculating the Flamelets
15.4.8 Postprocessing the Flamelet Data
15.4.9 Calculating the Look-Up Tables
15.4.10 Postprocessing the Look-Up Table Data
15.5 Defining Non-Premixed Boundary Conditions
15.5.1 Input of Mixture Fraction Boundary Conditions
15.5.2 Diffusion at Inlets
15.5.3 Input of Thermal Boundary Conditions and Fuel Inlet Velocities
15.6 Defining Non-Premixed Physical Properties
15.7 Coal Modeling Inputs in
FLUENT
15.8 Non-Premixed Solution Procedures
15.8.1 Single-Mixture-Fraction Approach
15.8.2 Two-Mixture-Fraction Approach
15.8.3 Starting a Non-Premixed Calculation From a Previous Case File
15.8.4 Solving the Flow Problem
15.9 Postprocessing the Non-Premixed Model Results
16. Modeling Premixed Combustion
16.1 Overview and Limitations
16.1.1 Overview
16.1.2 Limitations
16.2 Premixed Combustion Theory
16.2.1 Propagation of the Flame Front
16.2.2 Turbulent Flame Speed
16.2.3 Premixed Combustion Model Formulation in
FLUENT
16.2.4 Calculation of Temperature
16.2.5 Calculation of Density
16.3 Using the Premixed Combustion Model
16.3.1 Enabling the Premixed Combustion Model
16.3.2 Choosing an Adiabatic or Non-Adiabatic Model
16.3.3 Modifying the Constants for the Premixed Combustion Model
16.3.4 Defining Physical Properties for the Unburnt Mixture
16.3.5 Setting Boundary Conditions for the Progress Variable
16.3.6 Initializing the Progress Variable
16.3.7 Postprocessing for Premixed Combustion Calculations
17. Modeling Partially Premixed Combustion
17.1 Overview and Limitations
17.1.1 Overview
17.1.2 Limitations
17.2 Theory
17.2.1 Calculation of Scalar Quantities
17.2.2 Laminar Flame Speed
17.3 Using the Partially Premixed Combustion Model
17.3.1 Setup and Solution Procedure
17.3.2 Modifying the Unburnt Mixture Property Polynomials
18. The Composition PDF Transport Model
18.1 Overview and Limitations
18.2 Composition PDF Transport Theory
18.2.1 Solution of the PDF Transport Equation
18.2.2 Particle Convection
18.2.3 Particle Mixing
18.2.4 Particle Reaction
18.2.5 The ISAT Algorithm
18.3 Using the Composition PDF Transport Model
18.3.1 Enabling the Composition PDF Transport Model
18.3.2 Setting Integration Parameters
18.3.3 Enabling KINetics from Reaction Design
18.3.4 Selecting the Particle Mixing Model
18.3.5 Defining the Solution Parameters
18.3.6 Monitoring the Solution
18.3.7 Monitoring ISAT
18.3.8 Efficient Use of ISAT
18.3.9 Reading and Writing ISAT Tables in Parallel
18.3.10 Unsteady Composition PDF Transport Simulations
18.3.11 Compressible Composition PDF Transport Simulations
18.3.12 Composition PDF Transport Simulations with Conjugate Heat Transfer
18.3.13 Postprocessing for Composition PDF Transport Calculations
19. Engine Ignition Model
19.1 Spark Model
19.1.1 Overview and Limitations
19.1.2 Spark Model Theory
19.1.3 Using the Spark Model
19.2 Autoignition Model
19.2.1 Overview and Limitations
19.2.2 Ignition Model Theory
19.2.3 Using the Autoignition Models
20. Modeling Pollutant Formation
20.1 NOx Formation
20.1.1 Overview
20.1.2 Governing Equations for NOx Transport
20.1.3 Thermal NOx Formation
20.1.4 Prompt NOx Formation
20.1.5 Fuel NOx Formation
20.1.6 NOx Formation From Intermediate N
O
20.1.7 NOx Reduction by Reburning
20.1.8 NOx Reduction by SNCR
20.1.9 NOx Formation in Turbulent Flows
20.1.10 Using the NOx Model
20.2 Soot Formation
20.2.1 Overview and Limitations
20.2.2 Theory
20.2.3 Using the Soot Models
21. Predicting Aerodynamically Generated Noise
21.1 Overview
21.1.1 Direct Method
21.1.2 Integral Method Based on Acoustic Analogy
21.1.3 Broadband Noise Source Models
21.2 Acoustics Model Theory
21.2.1 The Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings Model
21.2.2 Broadband Noise Source Models
21.3 Using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings Acoustics Model
21.3.1 Enabling the FW-H Acoustics Model
21.3.2 Specifying Source Surfaces
21.3.3 Specifying Acoustic Receivers
21.3.4 Postprocessing for the FW-H Acoustics Model
21.4 Using the Broadband Noise Source Models
21.4.1 Enabling the Broadband Noise Source Models
21.4.2 Postprocessing for the Broadband Noise Source Models
22. Introduction to Modeling Multiphase Flows
22.1 Multiphase Flow Regimes
22.2 Examples of Multiphase Systems
22.3 Approaches to Multiphase Modeling
22.3.1 The Euler-Lagrange Approach
22.3.2 The Euler-Euler Approach
22.4 Choosing a Multiphase Model
22.4.1 General Guidelines
22.4.2 Detailed Guidelines
23. Discrete Phase Models
23.1 Overview and Limitations of the Discrete Phase Models
23.1.1 Introduction
23.1.2 Particles in Turbulent Flows
23.1.3 Limitations
23.1.4 Overview of Discrete Phase Modeling Procedures
23.2 Modeling Particle Motion
23.2.1 Equations of Motion for Particles
23.2.2 Turbulent Dispersion of Particles
23.2.3 Particle Erosion and Accretion
23.3 Heat and Mass Transfer Calculations
23.3.1 Particle Types in
FLUENT
23.3.2 Law 1/Law 6: Inert Heating or Cooling
23.3.3 Law 2: Droplet Vaporization
23.3.4 Law 3: Droplet Boiling
23.3.5 Law 4: Devolatilization
23.3.6 Law 5: Surface Combustion
23.4 Spray Models
23.4.1 Atomizer Models
23.4.2 Droplet Collision Model
23.4.3 Spray Breakup Models
23.4.4 Dynamic Drag Model
23.5 Wall-Film Model
23.5.1 Introduction
23.5.2 Interaction During Impact with a Boundary
23.5.3 Splashing
23.5.4 Conservation Equations for Wall-Film Particles
23.6 Coupling Between the Discrete and Continuous Phases
23.7 Using the Discrete Phase Models
23.7.1 Overview
23.7.2 Options for Interaction with Continuous Phase
23.7.3 Steady/Transient Treatment of Particles
23.7.4 Tracking Parameters for the Discrete Phase Model
23.7.5 Alternate Drag Laws
23.7.6 Physical Models for the Discrete Phase Model
23.7.7 Options for Spray Modeling
23.7.8 Numerics of the Discrete Phase Model
23.7.9 User-Defined Functions
23.7.10 Parallel Processing for the Discrete Phase Model
23.8 Setting Initial Conditions for the Discrete Phase
23.8.1 Overview of Initial Conditions
23.8.2 Injection Types
23.8.3 Particle Types
23.8.4 Creating, Copying, Deleting, and Listing Injections
23.8.5 Defining Injection Properties
23.8.6 Point Properties for Single Injections
23.8.7 Point Properties for Group Injections
23.8.8 Point Properties for Cone Injections
23.8.9 Point Properties for Surface Injections
23.8.10 Point Properties for Plain-Orifice Atomizer Injections
23.8.11 Point Properties for Pressure-Swirl Atomizer Injections
23.8.12 Point Properties for Air-Blast/Air-Assist Atomizer Injections
23.8.13 Point Properties for Flat-Fan Atomizer Injections
23.8.14 Point Properties for Effervescent Atomizer Injections
23.8.15 Modeling Turbulent Dispersion of Particles
23.8.16 Custom Particle Laws
23.8.17 Defining Properties Common to More Than One Injection
23.9 Setting Boundary Conditions for the Discrete Phase
23.9.1 Discrete Phase Boundary Condition Types
23.9.2 Inputs for Discrete Phase Boundary Conditions
23.10 Setting Material Properties for the Discrete Phase
23.10.1 Summary of Property Inputs
23.10.2 Setting Discrete-Phase Physical Properties
23.11 Calculation Procedures for the Discrete Phase
23.11.1 Integration of Particle Equation of Motion
23.11.2 Performing Trajectory Calculations
23.11.3 Resetting the Interphase Exchange Terms
23.12 Postprocessing for the Discrete Phase
23.12.1 Graphical Display of Trajectories
23.12.2 Reporting of Trajectory Fates
23.12.3 Step-by-Step Reporting of Trajectories
23.12.4 Reporting Current Positions for Unsteady Tracking
23.12.5 Reporting of Interphase Exchange Terms and Discrete Phase Concentration
23.12.6 Trajectory Sampling
23.12.7 Histogram Reporting of Samples
23.12.8 Summary Reporting of Current Particles
23.12.9 Postprocessing of Erosion/Accretion Rates
24. General Multiphase Models
24.1 Choosing a General Multiphase Model
24.1.1 Overview and Limitations of the VOF Model
24.1.2 Overview and Limitations of the Mixture Model
24.1.3 Overview and Limitations of the Eulerian Model
24.2 Volume of Fluid (VOF) Model
24.2.1 The Volume Fraction Equation
24.2.2 Properties
24.2.3 The Momentum Equation
24.2.4 The Energy Equation
24.2.5 Additional Scalar Equations
24.2.6 Interpolation Near the Interface
24.2.7 Time Dependence
24.2.8 Surface Tension and Wall Adhesion
24.2.9 Open Channel Flow
24.3 Mixture Model
24.3.1 Continuity Equation for the Mixture
24.3.2 Momentum Equation for the Mixture
24.3.3 Energy Equation for the Mixture
24.3.4 Relative (Slip) Velocity and the Drift Velocity
24.3.5 Volume Fraction Equation for the Secondary Phases
24.3.6 Granular Properties in the Mixture Model
24.3.7 Granular Temperature
24.3.8 Solids Pressure in the Mixture Model
24.4 Eulerian Model
24.4.1 Volume Fractions
24.4.2 Conservation Equations
24.4.3 Interphase Exchange Coefficients
24.4.4 Solids Pressure
24.4.5 Maximum Packing Limit in Binary Mixtures
24.4.6 Solids Shear Stresses
24.4.7 Granular Temperature
24.4.8 Description of Heat Transfer
24.4.9 Turbulence Models
24.4.10 Solution Method in
FLUENT
24.5 Wet Steam Model
24.5.1 Overview of the Wet Steam Model
24.5.2 Restrictions and Limitations of the Wet Steam Model
24.5.3 Theory and Equations of the Wet Steam Model
24.6 Description of Mass Transfer
24.6.1 Source Terms Due to Mass Transfer
24.6.2 Unidirectional Constant Rate Mass Transfer
24.6.3 UDF-Prescribed Mass Transfer
24.6.4 Mass Transfer through Cavitation
24.7 Multiphase Species Transport
24.7.1 Limitations
24.7.2 Mass and Momentum Transfer with Multiphase Species Transport
24.8 Setting Up a General Multiphase Problem
24.8.1 Steps for Using the General Multiphase Models
24.8.2 Additional Guidelines for Eulerian Multiphase Simulations
24.8.3 Enabling the Multiphase Model and Specifying the Number of Phases
24.8.4 Selecting the VOF Formulation
24.8.5 Modeling Open Channel Flows
24.8.6 Defining a Homogeneous Multiphase Flow
24.8.7 Overview of Defining the Phases
24.8.8 Defining Phases for the VOF Model
24.8.9 Defining Phases for the Mixture Model
24.8.10 Defining Phases for the Eulerian Model
24.8.11 Selecting a Turbulence Model for an Eulerian Multiphase Calculation
24.8.12 Including Body Forces
24.8.13 Modeling Multiphase Species Transport
24.8.14 Defining Heterogeneous Reactions
24.8.15 Defining Heat Transfer for the Eulerian Model
24.8.16 Defining Mass Transfer Effects
24.8.17 Including Cavitation Effects
24.8.18 Setting Time-Dependent Parameters for the VOF Model
24.8.19 Setting Boundary Conditions
24.8.20 Setting Initial Volume Fractions
24.8.21 Inputs for Compressible VOF and Mixture Model Calculations
24.8.22 Inputs for Solidification/Melting VOF Calculations
24.8.23 Using the Wet Steam Model
24.9 Solution Strategies for General Multiphase Problems
24.9.1 Solution Strategies for the VOF Model
24.9.2 Solution Strategies for the Mixture Model
24.9.3 Solution Strategies for the Eulerian Model
24.9.4 Solving Wet Steam Flow
24.10 Postprocessing for General Multiphase Problems
24.10.1 Available Postprocessing Variables
24.10.2 Displaying Velocity Vectors for Individual Phases
24.10.3 Reporting Fluxes for Individual Phases
24.10.4 Reporting Forces on Walls for Individual Phases
24.10.5 Reporting Flow Rates for Individual Phases
25. Modeling Solidification and Melting
25.1 Overview and Limitations of the Solidification/Melting Model
25.1.1 Overview
25.1.2 Limitations
25.2 Theory for the Solidification/Melting Model
25.2.1 Energy Equation
25.2.2 Momentum Equations
25.2.3 Turbulence Equations
25.2.4 Species Equations
25.2.5 Pull Velocity for Continuous Casting
25.2.6 Contact Resistance at Walls
25.3 Using the Solidification/Melting Model
25.3.1 Setup Procedure
25.3.2 Procedures for Modeling Continuous Casting
25.3.3 Solution Procedure
25.3.4 Postprocessing
26. Using the Solver
26.1 Overview of Numerical Schemes
26.1.1 Segregated Solution Method
26.1.2 Coupled Solution Method
26.1.3 Linearization: Implicit vs. Explicit
26.2 Discretization
26.2.1 First-Order Upwind Scheme
26.2.2 Power-Law Scheme
26.2.3 Second-Order Upwind Scheme
26.2.4 QUICK Scheme
26.2.5 Third-Order MUSCL Scheme
26.2.6 Central-Differencing Scheme
26.2.7 Bounded Central Differencing Scheme
26.2.8 Low Diffusion Second Order Scheme
26.2.9 Modified HRIC Scheme
26.2.10 Linearized Form of the Discrete Equation
26.2.11 Under-Relaxation
26.2.12 Temporal Discretization
26.2.13 Evaluation of Derivatives
26.3 The Segregated Solver
26.3.1 Discretization of the Momentum Equation
26.3.2 Discretization of the Continuity Equation
26.3.3 Pressure-Velocity Coupling
26.3.4 Steady-State and Time-Dependent Calculations
26.4 The Coupled Solver
26.4.1 Governing Equations in Vector Form
26.4.2 Preconditioning
26.4.3 Time Marching for Steady-State Flows
26.4.4 Temporal Discretization for Unsteady Flows
26.5 Multigrid Method
26.5.1 Approach
26.5.2 Multigrid Cycles
26.5.3 Algebraic Multigrid (AMG)
26.5.4 Full-Approximation Storage (FAS) Multigrid
26.6 Choosing the Solver Formulation
26.7 Overview of How to Use the Solver
26.8 Choosing the Discretization Scheme
26.8.1 First Order vs. Second Order
26.8.2 Other Discretization Schemes
26.8.3 Choosing the Pressure Interpolation Scheme
26.8.4 Choosing the Density Interpolation Scheme
26.8.5 User Inputs
26.9 Choosing the Pressure-Velocity Coupling Method
26.9.1 SIMPLE vs. SIMPLEC
26.9.2 PISO
26.9.3 Fractional Step Method
26.9.4 User Inputs
26.10 Setting Under-Relaxation Factors
26.11 Setting Solution Controls for the Non-Iterative Solver
26.12 Changing the Courant Number
26.12.1 Courant Numbers for the Coupled Explicit Solver
26.12.2 Courant Numbers for the Coupled Implicit Solver
26.12.3 User Inputs
26.13 Turning On FAS Multigrid
26.13.1 Setting Coarse Grid Levels
26.14 Setting Solution Limits
26.15 Initializing the Solution
26.15.1 Initializing the Entire Flow Field
26.15.2 Patching Values in Selected Cells
26.16 Full Multigrid (FMG) Initialization
26.16.1 Overview of FMG Initialization
26.16.2 Using FMG Initialization
26.16.3 Convergence Strategies for FMG Initialization
26.17 Performing Steady-State Calculations
26.18 Performing Time-Dependent Calculations
26.18.1 User Inputs for Time-Dependent Problems
26.18.2 Adaptive Time Stepping
26.18.3 Variable Time Stepping
26.18.4 Postprocessing for Time-Dependent Problems
26.19 Monitoring Solution Convergence
26.19.1 Monitoring Residuals
26.19.2 Monitoring Statistics
26.19.3 Monitoring Forces and Moments
26.19.4 Monitoring Surface Integrals
26.19.5 Monitoring Volume Integrals
26.20 Animating the Solution
26.20.1 Defining an Animation Sequence
26.20.2 Playing an Animation Sequence
26.20.3 Saving an Animation Sequence
26.20.4 Reading an Animation Sequence
26.21 Importing and Exporting Particle History Data
26.21.1 Importing Particle History Data
26.21.2 Exporting Particle History Data
26.22 Executing Commands During the Calculation
26.22.1 Specifying the Commands to be Executed
26.22.2 Defining Macros
26.22.3 Saving Files During the Calculation
26.23 Managing Acoustic Signal Data
26.24 Convergence and Stability
26.24.1 Judging Convergence
26.24.2 Step-by-Step Solution Processes
26.24.3 Modifying Algebraic Multigrid Parameters
26.24.4 Setting FAS Multigrid Parameters
26.24.5 Modifying Multi-Stage Time-Stepping Parameters
27. Grid Adaption
27.1 Using Adaption
27.1.1 Adaption Example
27.1.2 Adaption Guidelines
27.2 Static Adaption Process
27.2.1 Hanging Node Adaption
27.2.2 Conformal Adaption
27.2.3 Conformal vs. Hanging Node Adaption
27.3 Boundary Adaption
27.3.1 Performing Boundary Adaption
27.4 Gradient Adaption
27.4.1 Gradient Adaption Approach
27.4.2 Performing Gradient Adaption
27.5 Dynamic Gradient Adaption
27.5.1 Dynamic Gradient Adaption Approach
27.6 Isovalue Adaption
27.6.1 Performing Isovalue Adaption
27.7 Region Adaption
27.7.1 Defining a Region
27.7.2 Region Adaption Example
27.7.3 Performing Region Adaption
27.8 Volume Adaption
27.8.1 Approach
27.8.2 Volume Adaption Example
27.8.3 Performing Volume Adaption
27.9 Yplus/Ystar Adaption
27.9.1 Approach
27.9.2 Performing Yplus or Ystar Adaption
27.10 Geometry Based Adaption
27.10.1 Approach
27.10.2 Performing Geometry Based Adaption
27.11 Registers
27.11.1 Manipulating Adaption Registers
27.11.2 Modifying Adaption Marks
27.11.3 Displaying Registers
27.11.4 Adapting to Registers
27.12 Grid Adaption Controls
27.13 Improving the Grid by Smoothing and Swapping
27.13.1 Smoothing
27.13.2 Face Swapping
27.13.3 Combining Skewness-Based Smoothing and Face Swapping
28. Creating Surfaces for Displaying and Reporting Data
28.1 Using Surfaces
28.2 Zone Surfaces
28.3 Partition Surfaces
28.4 Point Surfaces
28.4.1 Using the Point Tool
28.5 Line and Rake Surfaces
28.5.1 Using the Line Tool
28.6 Plane Surfaces
28.6.1 Using the Plane Tool
28.7 Quadric Surfaces
28.8 Isosurfaces
28.9 Clipping Surfaces
28.10 Transforming Surfaces
28.11 Grouping, Renaming, and Deleting Surfaces
29. Graphics and Visualization
29.1 Basic Graphics Generation
29.1.1 Displaying the Grid
29.1.2 Displaying Contours and Profiles
29.1.3 Displaying Vectors
29.1.4 Displaying Pathlines
29.1.5 Displaying Results on a Sweep Surface
29.2 Customizing the Graphics Display
29.2.1 Overlay of Graphics
29.2.2 Opening Multiple Graphics Windows
29.2.3 Controlling Captions
29.2.4 Adding Text to the Graphics Window
29.2.5 Changing the Colormap
29.2.6 Adding Lights
29.2.7 Modifying the Rendering Options
29.3 Controlling the Mouse Button Functions
29.4 Modifying the View
29.4.1 Scaling, Centering, Rotating, Translating, and Zooming the Display
29.4.2 Controlling Perspective and Camera Parameters
29.4.3 Saving and Restoring Views
29.4.4 Mirroring and Periodic Repeats
29.5 Composing a Scene
29.5.1 Selecting the Object(s) to be Manipulated
29.5.2 Changing an Object's Display Properties
29.5.3 Transforming Geometric Objects in a Scene
29.5.4 Modifying Iso-Values
29.5.5 Modifying Pathline Attributes
29.5.6 Deleting an Object from the Scene
29.5.7 Adding a Bounding Frame
29.6 Animating Graphics
29.6.1 Creating an Animation
29.6.2 Playing an Animation
29.6.3 Saving an Animation
29.6.4 Reading an Animation File
29.6.5 Notes on Animation
29.7 Creating Videos
29.7.1 Recording Animations To Video
29.7.2 Equipment Required
29.7.3 Recording an Animation with
FLUENT
29.7.4 General Information
29.8 Histogram and XY Plots
29.8.1 Plot Types
29.8.2 XY Plots of Solution Data
29.8.3 XY Plots of File Data
29.8.4 XY Plots of Circumferential Averages
29.8.5 XY Plot File Format
29.8.6 Residual Plots
29.8.7 Solution Histograms
29.8.8 Modifying Axis Attributes
29.8.9 Modifying Curve Attributes
29.9 Turbomachinery Postprocessing
29.9.1 Defining the Turbomachinery Topology
29.9.2 Generating Reports of Turbomachinery Data
29.9.3 Displaying Turbomachinery Averaged Contours
29.9.4 Displaying Turbomachinery 2D Contours
29.9.5 Generating Averaged XY Plots of Turbomachinery Solution Data
29.9.6 Globally Setting the Turbomachinery Topology
29.9.7 Turbomachinery-Specific Variables
29.10 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Postprocessing
29.10.1 Limitations of the FFT Algorithm
29.10.2 Windowing
29.10.3 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
29.10.4 Using the FFT Utility
30. Alphanumeric Reporting
30.1 Reporting Conventions
30.2 Fluxes Through Boundaries
30.2.1 Generating a Flux Report
30.3 Forces on Boundaries
30.3.1 Computing Forces and Moments
30.3.2 Generating a Force or Moment Report
30.4 Projected Surface Area Calculations
30.5 Surface Integration
30.5.1 Computing Surface Integrals
30.5.2 Generating a Surface Integral Report
30.6 Volume Integration
30.6.1 Computing Volume Integrals
30.6.2 Generating a Volume Integral Report
30.7 Histogram Reports
30.8 Reference Values
30.8.1 Setting Reference Values
30.8.2 Setting the Reference Zone
30.9 Summary Reports of Case Settings
30.9.1 Generating a Summary Report
31. Field Function Definitions
31.1 Node, Cell, and Facet Values
31.1.1 Cell Values
31.1.2 Node Values
31.1.3 Facet Values
31.2 Velocity Reporting Options
31.3 Field Variables Listed by Category
31.4 Alphabetical Listing of Field Variables and Their Definitions
31.5 Custom Field Functions
31.5.1 Creating a Custom Field Function
31.5.2 Manipulating, Saving, and Loading Custom Field Functions
31.5.3 Sample Custom Field Functions
32. Parallel Processing
32.1 Introduction to Parallel Processing
32.2 Starting the Parallel Version of the Solver
32.2.1 Starting the Parallel Solver on a UNIX System
32.2.2 Starting the Parallel Solver on a LINUX System
32.2.3 Starting the Parallel Solver on a Windows System
32.3 Using the
Fluent Launcher
(Windows only)
32.3.1
Fluent Launcher
Path Setup
32.3.2
Fluent Launcher
Machine Setup
32.3.3
Fluent Launcher
Example
32.4 Using a Parallel Network of Workstations
32.4.1 Configuring the Network
32.4.2 The Hosts Database
32.4.3 Checking Network Connectivity
32.5 Partitioning the Grid
32.5.1 Overview of Grid Partitioning
32.5.2 Partitioning the Grid Automatically
32.5.3 Partitioning the Grid Manually
32.5.4 Grid Partitioning Methods
32.5.5 Checking the Partitions
32.5.6 Load Distribution
32.6 Checking and Improving Parallel Performance
32.6.1 Checking Parallel Performance
32.6.2 Improving Input/Output Speed
32.6.3 Optimizing the Parallel Solver
32.7 Running Parallel
FLUENT
under SGE
32.7.1 Overview of
FLUENT
and SGE Integration
32.7.2 Configuring SGE for
FLUENT
32.7.3 Running a
FLUENT
Simulation under SGE
32.8 Running Parallel
FLUENT
under LSF
32.8.1 Overview of
FLUENT
and LSF Integration
32.8.2 Checkpointing and Restarting
32.8.3 Configuring LSF for
FLUENT
32.8.4 Submitting a FLUENT Job
32.8.5 Checkpointing
FLUENT
Jobs
32.8.6 Restarting
FLUENT
Jobs
32.8.7 Migrating
FLUENT
Jobs
32.8.8 Using
FLUENT
and LSF
32.9 Running Parallel
FLUENT
under Other Resource Management Tools
33. Reference Guide
33.1
File
Menu
33.1.1
File/Read/Case...
33.1.2
File/Read/Data...
33.1.3
File/Read/Case & Data...
33.1.4
File/Read/PDF...
33.1.5
File/Read/DTRM Rays...
33.1.6
File/Read/View Factors...
33.1.7
File/Read/Profile...
33.1.8
File/Read/ISAT Table...
33.1.9
File/Read/Scheme...
33.1.10
File/Read/Journal...
33.1.11
File/Write/Case...
33.1.12
File/Write/Data...
33.1.13
File/Write/Case & Data...
33.1.14
File/Write/PDF...
33.1.15
File/Write/Flamelet...
33.1.16
File/Write/Profile...
33.1.17
File/Write/Autosave...
33.1.18
File/Write/Boundary Grid...
33.1.19
File/Write/Surface Clusters...
33.1.20
File/Write/ISAT Table...
33.1.21
File/Write/Start Journal...
33.1.22
File/Write/Stop Journal
33.1.23
File/Write/Start Transcript...
33.1.24
File/Write/Stop Transcript
33.1.25
File/Import/ANSYS...
33.1.26
File/Import/CGNS/Mesh...
33.1.27
File/Import/CGNS/Data...
33.1.28
File/Import/CGNS/Mesh & Data...
33.1.29
File/Import/FIDAP...
33.1.30
File/Import/GAMBIT...
33.1.31
File/Import/I-deas Universal...
33.1.32
File/Import/NASTRAN...
33.1.33
File/Import/PATRAN...
33.1.34
File/Import/FLUENT 4 Case File...
33.1.35
File/Import/PreBFC File...
33.1.36
File/Import/Partition/Metis...
33.1.37
File/Import/Partition/Metis Zone...
33.1.38
File/Import/CHEMKIN Mechanism...
33.1.39
File/Export...
33.1.40
File/Interpolate...
33.1.41
File/Hardcopy...
33.1.42
File/Batch Options...
33.1.43
File/Save Layout
33.1.44
File/Run...
33.1.45
File/RSF...
33.1.46
File/Exit
33.2
Grid
Menu
33.2.1
Grid/Check
33.2.2
Grid/Info/Size
33.2.3
Grid/Info/Memory Usage
33.2.4
Grid/Info/Zones
33.2.5
Grid/Info/Partitions
33.2.6
Grid/Merge...
33.2.7
Grid/Separate/Faces...
33.2.8
Grid/Separate/Cells...
33.2.9
Grid/Fuse...
33.2.10
Grid/Zone/Append Case File...
33.2.11
Grid/Zone/Append Case & Data Files...
33.2.12
Grid/Zone/Replace...
33.2.13
Grid/Zone/Delete...
33.2.14
Grid/Zone/Deactivate...
33.2.15
Grid/Zone/Activate...
33.2.16
Grid/Surface Mesh...
33.2.17
Grid/Reorder/Domain
33.2.18
Grid/Reorder/Zones
33.2.19
Grid/Reorder/Print Bandwidth
33.2.20
Grid/Scale...
33.2.21
Grid/Translate...
33.2.22
Grid/Rotate...
33.2.23
Grid/Smooth/Swap...
33.3
Define
Menu
33.3.1
Define/Models/Solver...
33.3.2
Define/Models/Multiphase...
33.3.3
Define/Models/Energy...
33.3.4
Define/Models/Viscous...
33.3.5
Define/Models/Radiation...
33.3.6
Define/Models/Species/Transport & Reaction...
33.3.7
Define/Models/Species/Spark Ignition...
33.3.8
Define/Models/Species/Autoignition...
33.3.9
Define/Models/Species/NOx...
33.3.10
Define/Models/Species/Soot...
33.3.11
Define/Models/Discrete Phase...
33.3.12
Define/Models/Solidification & Melting...
33.3.13
Define/Models/Acoustics...
33.3.14
Define/Materials...
33.3.15
Define/Phases...
33.3.16
Define/Operating Conditions...
33.3.17
Define/Boundary Conditions...
33.3.18
Define/Periodic Conditions...
33.3.19
Define/Grid Interfaces...
33.3.20
Define/Dynamic Mesh/Parameters...
33.3.21
Define/Dynamic Mesh/Zones...
33.3.22
Define/Dynamic Mesh/Events...
33.3.23
Define/Mixing Planes...
33.3.24
Define/Turbo Topology...
33.3.25
Define/Injections...
33.3.26
Define/DTRM Rays...
33.3.27
Define/Custom Field Functions...
33.3.28
Define/Profiles...
33.3.29
Define/Units...
33.3.30
Define/User-Defined/Functions/Interpreted...
33.3.31
Define/User-Defined/Functions/Compiled...
33.3.32
Define/User-Defined/Functions/Manage...
33.3.33
Define/User-Defined/Function Hooks...
33.3.34
Define/User-Defined/Execute on Demand...
33.3.35
Define/User-Defined/Scalars...
33.3.36
Define/User-Defined/Memory...
33.3.37
Define/User-Defined/Fan Model...
33.3.38
Define/User-Defined/Heat Exchanger...
33.3.39
Define/User-Defined/Heat Exchanger Group...
33.3.40
Define/User-Defined/1D Coupling...
33.4
Solve
Menu
33.4.1
Solve/Controls/Solution...
33.4.2
Solve/Controls/Multigrid...
33.4.3
Solve/Controls/Limits...
33.4.4
Solve/Controls/Multi-Stage...
33.4.5
Solve/Initialize/Initialize...
33.4.6
Solve/Initialize/Patch...
33.4.7
Solve/Initialize/Reset DPM Sources
33.4.8
Solve/Initialize/Reset Statistics
33.4.9
Solve/Monitors/Residual...
33.4.10
Solve/Monitors/Statistic...
33.4.11
Solve/Monitors/Force...
33.4.12
Solve/Monitors/Surface...
33.4.13
Solve/Monitors/Volume...
33.4.14
Solve/Animate/Define...
33.4.15
Solve/Animate/Playback...
33.4.16
Solve/Mesh Motion...
33.4.17
Solve/Particle History/Export Particle Data...
33.4.18
Solve/Particle History/Import Particle Data...
33.4.19
Solve/Execute Commands...
33.4.20
Solve/Iterate...
33.4.21
Solve/Acoustic Signals...
33.5
Adapt
Menu
33.5.1
Adapt/Boundary...
33.5.2
Adapt/Gradient...
33.5.3
Adapt/Iso-Value...
33.5.4
Adapt/Region...
33.5.5
Adapt/Volume...
33.5.6
Adapt/Yplus/Ystar...
33.5.7
Adapt/Manage...
33.5.8
Adapt/Controls...
33.5.9
Adapt/Geometry...
33.5.10
Adapt/Display Options...
33.5.11
Adapt/Smooth/Swap...
33.6
Surface
Menu
33.6.1
Surface/Zone...
33.6.2
Surface/Partition...
33.6.3
Surface/Point...
33.6.4
Surface/Line/Rake...
33.6.5
Surface/Plane...
33.6.6
Surface/Quadric...
33.6.7
Surface/Iso-Surface...
33.6.8
Surface/Iso-Clip...
33.6.9
Surface/Transform...
33.6.10
Surface/Manage...
33.7
Display
Menu
33.7.1
Display/Grid...
33.7.2
Display/Contours...
33.7.3
Display/Vectors...
33.7.4
Display/Path Lines...
33.7.5
Display/Particle Tracks...
33.7.6
Display/DTRM Graphics...